Characterization Biofuel from Empty Fruit Bunch through Thermal Cracking

Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) are oil palm waste that has the potential as a source of bioenergy because it contains lignocellulose (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) so can be converted into biofuel through thermal cracking, adsorption, distillation processes. Thermal cracking is decomposition chemical content biomass by utilizing heat without mixture oxygen at temperature 200oC–600oC. This study aims to obtain characteristics raw material EFB in form proximate, ultimate, lignin, produced. The research was conducted using reactor designed control 300oC, 350oC, 400oC, 450oC. results showed from proximate were 13.66% water content, 8.74% ash 58.66% volatile matter 18.90% fixed carbon. relatively high. drying process on not run perfectly. ultimate result had C 54.45%, H 5.00%, O 16.27%. atomic ratio obtained analysis indicate amount calorific value used for certain fuels. smaller contained, more significant contained particular fuel. Klason method carried out decrease level lignin 4 stages; delignification resulting 24.87%, addition aquadest into18.71%, 5% HCl 15.34%, 10% 14.49%. Delignification pretreatment before cracking. forms steam; steam then condensed bio-oil. formed bio-oil kept separate tar. In order good quality, adsorption with zeolite adsorbent, which been activated HCL. A comparison physical properties after shows color difference brownish black adsorbed bio-oil, distilled heavy light fractions. 450oC close optimum; when increased, will straightforward occur optimally. produced this tested its such as, density (927-1086.68 Kg/m3), kinematic viscosity (1.17-1.43 mm2/s), flash point (66.00-70, 23oC). product dominated C5-C15 compounds (45.07%) according GC-MS analysis.